ID20: The Emilian Model; institutional challenges
Discussion of model of a successful industrial district, its institutional underpinning, and how this is changing. Examines the capacity of the Enterprise Support System for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) to adjust to new pressures and opportunities, with a greater stress on innovation and learning. The evidence suggests that firms and business groups are capable of strategically changing their trajectories to meet changing conditions. But policy actors seems slower to appreciate this new context. Some radical innovation occurring on the margins of the well-established business/policy networks. Concludes by contrasting an information-rich region (following an established trajectory) and an intelligence-rich region (able to shift trajectory)

ID801: Discovering the Locus of European Integration
The book investigates how planning is applied in a variety of ways to identify and address spatial aspects in the context of European integration. The question this book seeks to answer is how planning contributes to European governance

ID813: Planning in Iceland
The book gives a rare overview of how a human community has evolved in history and where it is headed now as well as providing a case study of the history, processes and difficulties encountered in planning. It is comprehensive, definitive and encyclopaedic. Iceland may be most interesting because of what it has not yet become: The economy is booming and there is an abundance of hydro- and geothermal energy, clean air and water and vast unbuilt spaces. It also provides a good insight into Reykjavík and its development.

ID833: Cultural clusters and the post-industrial city: towards the remapping of urban cultural policy
The paper discusses cultural clustering strategies in the Netherlands. The common model, with the new role of culture and creativity in the physical and economic revitalisation of cities, shows an ambivalent, conflict-ridden mixture of cultural, economic, social and spatial interests and sentiments. After detailed investigation of 5 cultural clustering projects, and based on Zukin's account of the exchange of cultural and economic values in the contemporary city, the paper argues that, to avoid this potentially self-defeating situation, and enable a more sensitive and strategic involvement of the cultural sector in the governance of cultural cluster projects, it is necessary to develop a more sophisticated understanding of the complex dynamics involved. Central to this is a locally specific appreciation of the changing interaction between culture and commerce in a mixed economy of leisure, culture and creativity.

ID834: Is there Life beyond the Knowledge Based-Society? Towards a decelerated approach to learning, creativity and enjoyment in Europe
Learning and Knowledge-Based Society (KBS) is promoted as the new model for socio-economic development in Europe. The paper examines the features, and provides a critique, of KBS as presented by the EC where it is based on scientific and political ideas. There is an overview of the meaning of knowledge and knowledge producing communities, communication and culture, and views of innovation within various social science disciplines and suggests a broader conception. It closes with a plea to reduce the knowledge focus of development in Europe, and concentrate more on values like creativity, solidarity and enjoyment.

ID840: MEDIENSTADT: URBANE CLUSTER UND GLOBALE ZENTREN DER KULTURPRODUKTION
The book sees the spatial organization of the cultural economy as a paradigm of the modern economy The cultural industry is seen as a pioneering sector for organizing creative, inventive economic processes and as prototypical for the spatial organization of modern industry in locally and regionally embedded production clusters. As a conclusion Krätke points out that globalization does indeed promote processes of spatial disembedding. But contradictory to this, these theories offer evidence about new forms of spatial interconnections between economic processes and their local and regional contexts.

ID841: An indicator-based approach to measuring sustainable urban regeneration performance:Part 1, conceptual foundations and methodological framework Part 2, empirical evaluation and case-study analysis
Part1 evaluates the use of indicators as a means of measuring the performance of regeneration against sustainability criteria. Part2 examines the sustainability of current urban regeneration practice, through the application of weighted indicators and a points scoring framework. The analysis applies the hierarchical model discussed in Part 1 to case studies of waterfront areas and cultural quarters in Belfast, Dublin and Barcelona. The evaluation permits performance comparisons to be made between the case studies regarding the sustainability of regeneration areas and projects, variations on an indicator set basis and the sensitivity of scores.

ID912: Urban Planning and Cultural Identity
This book reviews the intense spatiality of conflict over identity construction in three cities where culture and place identity are vital to their operation. It draws on extensive interview sources in the case study cities and asks whether planners can use environmental concerns such as Local Agenda 21 as a vehicle for building a sense of common citizenship in which cultural difference can become embedded.

ID913: Creative planning in Ireland: the role of culture-led development in Irish planning
This paper attempts to close gaps in understanding practice and policy concerning culture, planning and development in Ireland, where the development and planning impacts of cultural policy are increasingly important. It begins by charting the evolution of culture-led development in Western Europe over the last few decades, highlighting the emergence of culture as a central element in economic and social development strategies. It focuses upon Ireland, detailing the mobilization of this heritage in search of tourism, the recent incorporation of culture into strategic planning and development initiatives, and the links between culture and development in Dublin, Cork and Galway.

ID947: Rural definitions and short-term dynamics in rural areas of Finland in 1989 - 97
This paper examines the concept of the rural area and related typologies, and analyses changes in the internal structure of rural areas in Finland by using georeferenced data. Rural areas have always been defined on the basis of land use and population density but no unambiguous rural - urban dividing line has emerged. Statistical area typologies based on administrative divisions, as used by the OECD and Eurostat, together with the national classifications prevailing in various countries, are the commonly used tools for comparisons of spatial structures, but the paper suggests that sociocultural analyses can also be used for defining rural areas especially over a small time scale.

ID954: Urban space and homosexuality: the example of the Marais, Paris' 'Gay Ghetto'
This paper outlines and discusses the situation in ‘ homosexual’ neighbourhoods emergent in many cities in North America and Western Europe, including in Paris' Marais quarter. The Marais and its lifestyle are attacked from both outside and within the gay community. Residents resent the intrusion and others denounce the formation of a distinct homosexual gay identity as 'communitarianism' and an ongoing threat to French national values.

ID955: Sexual dissidence, enterprise and assimilation: bedfellows in urban regeneration
This paper discusses the genesis and development of urban 'gay villages using The Soho Gay Village in central London as a case study.

ID993: Postmortem city
This paper, historically long and geographically global, displays the many ways in which warfare is intimately woven into the fabric of cities and practices of city planners using varied examples. It aims to reveal the militarisation of urban space and challenges the social sciences to confront this.

ID995: Arts and culture as experimental spaces in the city
Ghent has been a leading player in democratizing cultural practices and processes of consumption, by directing them to the benefit of the city's neighbourhood communities. This paper tells of the successes and potentialities of projects organized in the city under the title Kunst in de Buurt (Arts in the Neighbourhood).

ID996: The form, style, and use of cartographic visualisations in European spatial planning: examples from England and Germany
In spatial planning, planning policy documents use symbols - icons, diagrams, and maps - but national and regional differences can cause problems when several countries join to discuss policy options for a transnational territory eg European Spatial Development Perspective.This paper reports findings from an analysis of cartographic visualisations in strategic spatial planning documents in England and Germany.These show that, although the function of plans ultimately determines the form of visualisations, traditional, 'scientific' styles dominate planning at regional level, and 'artistic' styles of visualisation are limited. The paper then discusses the relevanceto transnational spatial policy processes.

ID997: 'Scale' and the instituted construction of the urban: contrasting the cases of Manchester and Lyons
Using intricacies of scale and also institutional perspectives on social and economic life and its governance as a framework, this paper reveals contrasting scalar strategies of interurban competition within two city case studies - Manchester and Lyons. It outlines the main theoretical and conceptual developments in the literature on scale.

ID1006: The Good of the Many Outweighs the Good of the One Regional Cooperation instead of Individual Competition in the United States and Western Europe?
Regional cooperation involves cooperative networks of local ,regional, public, private, and nonprofit bodies, working with government, focusing economic development efforts for the benefit of their region/s as a whole. The assumption is that regional cooperation is good and could address some shortcomings of competition for private investment. This article evaluates this assumption by examining the opportunities and challenges for government involvement in regional cooperation using a comparative review of urban economic development literature for the US and Western Europe.

ID1013: Cities of Europe : Changing Contexts, Local Arrangements, and the Challenge to Urban Cohesion
This is a combination of book and CD-ROM examining the effects including the spatial impact of recent socio-economic transformations on western European cities using a comparative approach by highlighting specifics of European cities vis-à-vis other urban contexts and analysing the intra-European differences. It focuses on the play between segregation, social exclusion and governance issues. The CD-ROM contains 2,000 photographs from 17 cities and 126 thematic maps plus interviews with established scholars, and literature reviews. The book and the CD-ROM are linked through an extensive cross-referencing system

ID1019: A Discovery of Creative Talent in the margins of Urban Development
Creative workers (artists and small-scale cultural entrepreneurs) are a target group in debates about urban development. This article discusses the policies put in place by Amsterdam city to combat the lack of affordable housing and work space for such workers.

ID1020: A Place in the world: Barcelona's Quest to become a global knowledge city
The reasons behind Barcelona's change to a creative knowledge city over the last 15 years.

ID1044: Reshaping Regional Planning: a Northern Perspective
This book provides an overview of northern European planning, addressing a range of contemporary planning issues, practical and theoretical, which have relevance in evolving approaches to regional planning. It focuses on how planning impacts upon social issues such as employment, social exclusion and quality of life, and also looks at innovations in planning policy and practice, particularly sustainability. It examines the evolution, traditions, current innovations and future developments in the field of planning, analyzing the built environment's relationship with culture.

ID1056: ESPON Project 2.3.2 Governance of Territorial and Urban Policies from EU to Local Level (2004-06)
Aims to define and elaborate common ground for investigating the institutional and instrumental aspects of the implementation of territorial and urban policies in Europe.It focuses on the effectiveness of different systems e.g. a policy mix of spatial planning ( in different Member States), local government powers and taxation policy in meeting common spatial development strategies and objectives such as a polycentricity, balancing urban-rural needs, reviving derelict urban areas, urban regeneration, sustainable management of natural and cultural assets. The analysis is based on a comparative review of instruments used and stakeholders involved in various policy areas.

ID1106: Anchorage and Dialogue: Tensions between Planning and Local Democracy
The thesis focuses on how local planners prepared, implemented and followed up a dialogue with the inhabitants in Alby, a multicultural community. The planners based their work on the ambition that everything done to develop Alby should be anchored among the residents in a democratic manner. The study analyses this, using a combination of different action-theoretic approaches: normative together with genealogic approaches on power and rhetoric. To make use of these action theories in a multicultural community the thesis explores radical feminism (situated knowledge) and postcolonial theory. Methodologically, the study is based on participatory observation.

ID1186: Comparative Analysis of the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region
Because of lack of a clear image as a metropolitan region, the Rhine-Ruhr Region is often not measured against other regions. A comparison of the Rhine-Ruhr Region with Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, London and Sydney reveals how these regions present themselves as leading world metropolises and what policies and measures they employ in order to function as a unified metropolitan area.