ID1: Urban Exodus
Urban-rural migration. Study of migration patterns in England's 68 metropolitan authorities and London boroughs. Net loss of 1700 people per week hides the fact that 3200 per week move into metropolitan areas.

ID4: Cities of Europe - private motors in global economic competition (I Motori della Concorrenza Economica Globale)
Trends in migration into and out of major European cities (inc. Eastern Europe) and potential difficulties in implementing the ESDP. Only published in Italian.

ID6: Innovation networks and regional development evidence from the European Regional Innovation Survey (ERIS): theoretical concepts, methodological approach, empirical basis and Introduction to Theme Issue (of European Planning Studies)
Explores concepts of regional economic performance, drawing on innovative milieu, network theory (spatial version), regional innovation systems and transaction cost theories. Relates to empirical material from 11 European regions undertaken by a German research team

ID19: Globalisation, Institutions and Regional development in Europe
Discussion of impact of global economic trends on regional development and the role of institutional factors in this. Also looks at several issues, e.g., transformation of rural Europe (agricultural industry), regional competitiveness (Baden-Wurttemberg and Emilia-Romagna), institutional change and cultural transformation of Europe's old industrial area (Western Europe) and the role of innovation in creating flexible districts/regions

ID20: The Emilian Model; institutional challenges
Discussion of model of a successful industrial district, its institutional underpinning, and how this is changing. Examines the capacity of the Enterprise Support System for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) to adjust to new pressures and opportunities, with a greater stress on innovation and learning. The evidence suggests that firms and business groups are capable of strategically changing their trajectories to meet changing conditions. But policy actors seems slower to appreciate this new context. Some radical innovation occurring on the margins of the well-established business/policy networks. Concludes by contrasting an information-rich region (following an established trajectory) and an intelligence-rich region (able to shift trajectory)

ID21: Industrial districts as 'learning regions': a condition for prosperity?
Discusses the future of industrial districts in a post-Fordist 'learning economy' - mainly on the factors which enable and constrain the formation of a sufficient learning capacity. Special reference to the role and function of the specific 'Marshallian' characteristics of industrial districts in securing a successful transformation of the districts into 'learning regions'

ID23: Local systems, industrial districts and institutional networks: towards an evolutionary paradigm of industrial economics?
Review of discussion of the growth dynamics of industrial districts and their relation to institutional contexts. Draws on Italian work. Introduces special issue of European Planning Studies on this theme.

ID25: Governance, institutional change and regional development
This book contains a range of reviews and case studiesconcerned wuth multilevel governance governance It looks at how the process of institution-building affects ways in which regions and localities are governed. It examines the consequences for regional development strategies and policies particularly in the context of large-scale industrial restructuring and city-region/urban regeneration

ID30: Liberalization, regional economic development and the geography of demand for air transport in the European Union
Discussion on air transport in the EU. Addresses the issues of potential conflicts/tensions between EU aviation and economic development policies, contribution of air transport to regional economic development, and how patterns and processes of regional development (which is external to the mode) affect demands for air transport

ID38: Berlin: the Metropolis as a Production Space
Critical appraisal of the vision of Berlin as a service metropolis through empirical observation of sectural trends (e.g. finance, enterprise-related, cultural-product sector and 'traditional' industry) and locational patterns

ID60: Europe 2000+: cooperation for European territorial development
Discussion (to 1994) of factors affecting territorial organisaiton in Europe; developments in specific areas; systems of spatial planning and public transfers in member states; transnational study areas (Centre Capitals, etc.); trends 1991-1994

ID65: Competitiveness and cohesion: trends in the regions: fifth periodic report on the social and economic situation and development of the regions in the Community

ID68: London Employer Survey 1997-1998
Results of survey of London employers, divided between firms with < or > 200 employees. Discussion of skills base, employee training, local and national markets and firms intending to relocate elsewhere. Some results from Paris for comparison

ID72: Territorial indicators of employment. Focusing on rural development
Data: Population living in rural areas; structure of rural employment; change in rural employment. Scheme for empirical analysis of territorial development. Regions classified as predominantly urbanised, predominantly rural, or significantly rural. Analysis of employment structure and employment change by classification

ID101: REGIO (Research & Development)
Database on the level of Research & Development activity with special reference to expenditure, employment, sectors, patents and innovation. Discusses only 3 sectors - business, government and universities

ID111: Residential Property Price Report (Quarterly?)
Data on housing - types, average price and numbers of homes sold. Based on local authority areas. Four types identified. Indicators for rural, spatial and urban development

ID118: Regional Trends 35: 200 Edition
A report with a range of data available for each region; with maps to local authority area. Includes demographic and economic data, information on business sites and housing prices, car licences, accidents on roads, crime rates, weekly household income and expenditure and income support

ID120: Clusters and Regional Specialisation
Review of the concept of industrial clusters and evidence for their existence. Using examples from across the world, but a strong European perspective and examples. Introductory chapter has a useful discussion of definitions and hypotheses

ID127: Vision and Strategies Around the Baltic 2010 (VASAB 2010)
This document was intended as a first step in the formulation of an overall spatial structure for a framework for the wide spectrum of sectoral cooperation initiatives in BSR. Aims to promote spatial cohesion (reduce spatial discrepancies in living standards), provide conditions for the efficient use of development potentials (social/cultural/economic) and to achieve environmental sustainability. Strategies and actions proposed concentrate on aspects of cross-national or Baltic interest (e.g., regional disparities, level of infrastructure and coastal zone management)

ID129: National Planning Report for Denmark 2000 - Local Identity and New Challenges
This report summarises Denmark's vision of how environmental, economic and socio-cultural factors can be better coordinated with a specific national and local geographical context with optimum interaction between the various private and public actors (e.g., state, counties, municipalities, business, interest groups, etc.). Also contains discussion on spatial planning as a component of regional and local dialogue, how Denmark's individual regions can develop their distinctive characteristics, the role of knowledge specialisation in building regional strength, and of polycentric-city systems

ID136: Innovation Clusters and Competitive Cities in Europe
Discusses the innovation systems of large European cities, focusing on the extent to which they 'export' services and products. Raises questions about the focus on clusters, in themselves

ID137: Economic Change in Cities: Influences on Urban Competitive Advantage and Prospects for the British Urban System: Findings No. 10
Study of the evolution and changing economic role of British cities and the determinants of urban change from the 1950s to the 1990s. Emphasizes broad shifts in the UK urban system, and the 'investability' of cities. Concludes that different cities perform different functions. Discusses policy implications (The material available currently is a Summary.)

ID139: Transport Investment and Economic Development
Authoritative review of the relations between transport investment and economic development, emphasizing social, spatial and environmental effects. Concludes that transport investment promotes economic development only if certain other conditions are met. Emphasizes significance of regional, local level in understanding the relationships

ID149: Ex-Ante Evaluation of Baltic Sea INTERREG IIIb Programme (Final Report)
Contains the evaluation of the INTERREG IIIb programme in the Baltic Sea Region. This includes dicussions on the lessons from the past and future challenges (e.g., INTERREG IIc programme, VASAB, ESDP, Baltic 21 and TENs), analysis of the BSR, added value of the BSR INTERREG IIIb programme, implementation structure and indicators

ID150: Ex-Ante Evaluation of INTERREG IIIb, North Sea Programme (Final Report)
Contains the evaluation of the INTERREG IIIb programme in the North Sea Region. Discusses the strengths, weaknesses and potential in the NSR (incl. innovation, sustainability, regional disparities, integrated and balanced development). Also contains the appraisals of the added value of intervention and appraisal of the implementation procedure

ID167: Sustainable urban development and transport - a Eurovision for 2020
Presents the major element of the debate on sustainable development and transport from a European perspective. Focuses on transportation and development issues on the urban scale. Content includes the links between transport and sustainable urban development (including decentralisation of cities, development pressure, globalisation), constraints and visions of the future (e.g., sustainable mobility, sustainable city 2020), and its implications for cities in Europe. Actions suggested in this paper are grouped as 1) technology, 2) economic and financial, 3) planning and regulation

ID175: Regional pathways to sustainability: experiences of promoting sustainable development in Structural Funds Programmes in 12 pilot regions
Contains description on how 12 pilot regions (from UK, Germany, Sweden, France and the Netherlands) addressed the challenge of sustainable development: the problems faced, solutions tested and lessons learned. Includes measuring regional potential and progress towards sustainability, developing partnerships between the many actors and stakeholders of regional development, and how Structural Funds can play an important role in the process. Also contains the regional profiles of the pilot regions

ID178: Sustainability of urban systems: a cross-national evolutionary analysis of urban innovation
General discussions on sustainable development in relation to urban systems, innovation and economic competitiveness. Also contains several case studies. Contents include: a) a 'regulation' interpretation of spatial change and innovation (a Belgian example), b) openness of urban system as prerequisite for urban sustainability (a German example), c) innovation processes in the urban network of export and import nodes (a Swedish example), and d) sustainability as a key force for urban dynamics

ID182: Regionalisation: Theory, practice and prospects in Germany
A review of recent German experience, emphasizing the connection between the evolution of a new kind of politics and administration and the development of new concepts of space and territory. This builds on ideas about the creation of 'innovative milieux'. Includes a study of the Emscher Park International Building Exhibition (IBA Emscher Park) and its significance. Includes comment on the 'Europe of the Regions' debatge. Comments on the tensions between the Länder and less formal regional units within the Länder and crossing borders between Länder and countries

ID185: The spatial aspects of enterprise learning in transition countries
Investigates the types and sources of enterprise learning in transition countries, paying special attention to its spatial espects. Types of enterprise learning discussed are internal (learning from doing), learning from the environment and learning from networks. The study covers six transition countries, and information was collected from the capital regions, border regions with Western European countries, and other regions in these six countries

ID225: Transport Networks in Europe : Concepts, Analysis and Policies.
A collection of papers on European transport networks (with an overview of the current concepts, analysis and policies). Includes discussions on Trans-European Networks, network synergy, strategies for freight, public transport policies, aviation industry, sustainability, public-private co-operation and transport borders & barriers.

ID231: Study Programme on European Spatial Planning - Final Report
This report contains the results of the Study Programme on European Spatial Planning (SPESP). It discusses the findings in relation to these issues: a) regions & urban-rural partnerships, b) criteria for spatial differentiation (as identified in the ESDP), and c) spatial images (i.e. visualising European spatial policies/strategies geographically and by maps). This report is available in hard copy from the Federal Office for Building & Regional Planning (BBR), Germany, and can be viewed and downloaded from the Nordregio website

ID232: Spatial Development and Planning in Germany
English language version of report submitted to the Federal German Parliament in 2000, the first Spatial Planning Report to be submitted since 1993. This explains the role of spatial planning in pursuing sustainable spatial development of Germany's territory, in promoting equivalent living conditions in Germany's regions, and in strengthening regional resources. It provides an approach to describing the spatial structure of the german territory, illustrated with maps and case examples. It refers to transport corridors, central places and the urban network, polycentric and monocentric settlement forms, and urban-rural relations. It explores mobility patterns in the territory and identifies a range of inter-regional disparities. It also describes the machinary of spatial planning in Germany, and some of the policy concepts and experiences in urban networks and trans-border co-operation.

ID234: Criteria for the apatial differentiation of the EU-territory : economic strength (SPESP)
Contains the findigs concerning concepts and indicators of economic strength, which allows spatial differentiation at territorial level. It describes individual economic indicators and addresses the subject from different perspectives (e.g. potential inputs & outputs of economic strength, capacity for innovation, diversification, and regional competitiveness). Available in two forms i.e. website (Nordregio) and report (BBR).

ID242: Regional Planning and Development in Europe
A collection of papers focusing on the operations of the structural funds and regional restructuring; the relations between spatial planning, environmental management and regional development. Contains cases from Greece, Italy, Spain, Scotland, Ireland, England. Includes a paper on the role of the ESDP and other European spatial planning measures on European 'coherence' and cohesion.

ID244: City Region 2020: Integrated Planning for a Sustainable Environment
A report from a research project sponsored by the Town and Country Planning Association. This provides a comprehensive overview of the dimensions of urban sustainable development, covering general approaches to models and specific methods and tools. It constructs a model of sustainable urban development, covering the interrelations of the built environment, travel and transport, land and ecology, waste and pollution, energy and climate, economy and work. It relates all this to a model of the city region, integrated around lifestyle and community, regeneration, funding and markets and governance. Throughout, material from all over the world is assembled, but linked to the the challenges of developing a sustainable city future in Manchester, UK

ID249: Networks in transport and communications: A policy approach
A collection of papers which addresses the policy aspects of networks in transport and communications. Discussions are related to telecommunication and knowledge networks, regional development, innovation policies, territoriality, spatial dimensions and the social/economic/environmental effects of network policies. Case studies are also used in the discussions - Italy, Greece, Germany and Spain

ID250: Cohesion policy and European integration: building multi-level governance
Explores the issue of governance in relation to the EU's cohesion policy (i.e. reduction of regional and social disparities in the EU). Contains discussions on a) the study of policy dynamics at EU level; b) the particularities of national policy processes (using 8 case studies to look at the interplay between uniform EU cohesion policy arrangements and existing national-subnational relations); c) patterns of multi-level governance; and d) the usefulness of a policy network approach for analysing EU decision-making

ID252: Finnish regional policy - feature articles
This includes a summary of Finland's Regional Centre Development Programme, and several discussion items, some based on interviews with key politicians, on the challenge of achieving balanced development, strengthening urban-rural relations and addressing the situation of peripheral areas. It also comments on the tension between promoting Helsinki as a centre of innovation and the resultant concentration of growth dynamics in this metropolitan area, and the aim of a more balanced development of the national territory. One contribution explores how networks of urban centres could contribute to this objective.

ID253: Sustainable development and institutional design: the example of the Mersey Basin Campaign
Discusses the organisation implications of sustainable development and institutional design for sustainability using the example of Mersey Basin Campaign. This campaign is a 25 year regeneration project to clean up the rivers, canals and estuary of the Mersey Basin and restore associated degraded land to optimum use. This campaign, which is based on a partnership approach, is considered as a model for what will become an increasing need to develop focused and integrated environmental planning and management at the sub-regional and regional scales

ID267: Land Use Pressure Indicators: Background Report (Report from the SPESP Working Group)
This is one of the reports from the SPESP Working Groups. This paper summarises and highlights the main findings in studying the process of defining, selecting and presenting a useful set of indicators for land use pressure in Europe. The indicators identified are divided into 2 categories: a) a set of indicators for local land use - indicators of agricultural intensification, indicators of agricultural abondonment, and indicators of land use pressure due to urban expansion, and b) a set of indicators of potential pressure - indicators of pollution and indicators of land price

ID296: Competitiveness, Innovation and Regional development in Ireland
This collection of papers reviews new emphases in regional development theory, and in particular the current emphasis on innovation and endogeneous development. There is a general review paper by Maillat, a review of European experience, and a case study of the Italian industrial district of Emiglia Romagna, followed by detailed studies of aspects of the Irish regional development experience.

ID300: The Associational Economy: Firms, Regions and Innovation
Presents an approach to regional development which focuses on collective learning, partnership and interactive innovation. Emphasises the role of social capital (norms and networks of trust and reciprocity) as a positive externality effect. Examines regional governance capacity. Illustrated with case studies of 4 regions in Europe.

ID306: Behind the myth of European Union: prospects for cohesion
Explores the prospects for cohesion in Europe through an assessment of the challenges faced by the less favoured regions (both old industrial and 'lagging'). Also offers a critical perspective on the implications of contemporary processes and policies of European integration for social and regional cohesion. Includes discussions on regional disparities (core vs. periphery regions), corporate restructuring, innovation and globalisation

ID308: The regions and the new Europe: patterns in core and periphery development
A collection of papers concerned with a number of abstract issues relating to the future of the regions in the EU and their capacity for self-promotion. Explained in the context of regional experiences (using case studies). Divided into 2 parts - I) transnational scene, i.e. regional impacts of European integration and spatial implications of economic change, and ii) regional strategies in core and periphery regions (e.g. innovation strategies)

ID311: Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe (CLRAE)
CLRAE is a consultative body (under the Council of Europe) which helps new member states with practical aspects of their progress towards establishing effective local and regional self-government. This website contains news/reports from member states on issues like transborder co-operation, regional development etc. Also contains a list of publications relating to European Regional Planning.

ID317: The European Commission Representation in the United Kingdom
This website contains a series of regional brochures (13 regions in the UK) with information on their regional profiles, impact of the EU policies and programmes on these regions, and future opportunities for each regions.

ID338: Regional integration through trade in the Baltic Rim Region
The purpose of this report is to provide a tentative record of the process of integration of the Baltic Rim Region and to assess the state of crucial aspects of the economic development of the urban systems and the patterns of urban networks within the regions. Discusses spatial integration, economic links in the BSR, the regional system of production and the trade scenarios for BSR.

ID340: The changing urban hierarchy in England and Wales, 1913-1998
This study uses previous studies and develops two measures of urban hierarchy, one based on a combined index and one on the existence of retail stores. These show some differences, but both illustrate the shifts in urban hierarchy over time. The study concludes that larger centres have enhanced their position at the expense of smaller centres.

ID341: Clusters, Linkages and Spillovers: Methodology and POlicy Implications for the Two Dutch Mainports and the Rural North
This paper uses new data to test hypotheses about the dynamics of regional economies and to challenge established spatial policy. Policy has focused on the transport clusters around Rotterdam and Amsterdam. But the study finds considerable vigour in North Netherlands, and generally suggests that non-transport clusters may be more important than the transport clusters promoted in Dutch spatial policy. The paper explains the method of this analysis and notes that it has been criticised.

ID353: Urbanization and the functions of cities in the European Community
A study of urbanization and the functions of cities in the European Community, based on field work in 24 cities across Europe. Its focus is on the dynamics of the economic, social and environmental changes at work in European cities. It argues that, as Europe moves towards closer economic and poilitical integration, cities will be even more crucial players in a dynamic European economic space.

ID357: Europe 2000: Outlook for the Development of the Community's Territory
Reviews developments in the spatial development of the European Community's territory, with an emphasis on economic distribution, demography, infrastructure and spatial coherence, the future of urban areas, rural areas, border areas, coastal areas and islands, and the significance of co-operation between cities and regions.

ID361: The Coherence of EU Regional Policy
This book brings together material on the experience of the use of the Structural Funds in different European regions and countries. It examines issues to do with process and governance as well as outcomes. The focus is on economic restructuring and development funds, particularly in regions affected by the decline of traditional industries. Chapters include discussion of experiences in the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Finland and Sweden, as well as overview chapters. There is also a concluding discussion on the achievements of the Structural Funds.

ID375: Regional Identity in Regional development and Planning
This paper draws on cultural geography and sociology to develop the relation between regional economic development and planning and regional identity formation. It argues that regional identity is a key resource for securing public participation in planning. The paper draws on survey material from Estonia.

ID376: The International Building Exhibition (IBA) Emscher Park: A Model for Sustainable Restructuring?
This paper reviews the IBA project, a 10-year programme of the Land NordRhine Westphalen, Germany (1989-1999). This was a holistic project, focused on developing cultural as well as economic and environmental assets. This paper reviews the IBA experience and draws out general lessons for sustainable development strategies

ID394: Internet Domains and the Innovativeness of Cities/Regions - Evidence from Germany and Munich
This paper uses data on .de-domains to chart the developing spatial distribution of internet content in Germany. The authors argue that the emerging spatial pattern of .de domains is the result of several factors. Generally, it tends to replicate the pattern of regionalisation in Germany associated with high-tech enterprises. It also re-produces and produces patterns of spatial inquality

ID398: Multi-level governance 'French Style? The contribution of the European Structural Funds to Redefining Intergovernmental relations in France
This paper argues that the EU Structural Funds were used in France to bolster the emergence of the new regional policy in the 1980s. It examines how this affected the way the structural funds were used. It argues that the results were variable, relating in part to different conditions, but also to the evolution of different regional and local governance relationships.

ID410: Innovation & Territory: Which strategies to promote regional innovation systems in Portugal?
Examines the concept of regional innovation systems against the background of modern theories of innovation and regional policies (with specific reference to Portugal's less favoured regions). The author argues that sustainable regional strength is built on a continuously upgraded knowledge base, rather than on general factor endowment. Also suggests how regional innovation systems can be organised in order to increase innovation at various levels (to improve territorial & regional competitiveness).

ID412: EU multi-level governance patterns and the Cohesion Fund
This article analyses the apparent 'state-centred' nature of the Cohesion Fund. Also looks at (i) the role of the Commission in the implementation of the Cohesion Fund projects; (ii)the recent attempts to enforce the conditionality principle; and (iii) the role of sub-national actors in Spain in implementing the Fund. Discusses the issue of multi-level governance patterns in the EU and the patterns of the Structural Funds.

ID413: EU Regional Innovation Strategies: Regional experimentalism in practice?
Reviews of the emergence of regional policy initiatives designed to stimulate learning, innovation and regional development in Europe's less favoured regions, using Wales Regional Technology Plan (RTP) as a case study. The RTP programme is a strategy-making exercise designed to encourage the regional state, firms and intermediaries to engage in interactive learning processes designed to improve knowledge and economic competitiveness.

ID433: Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) and social inclusion: widening the agenda
Explores the role of RDAs in relation to social inclusion agenda. The author suggested that the RDAs incorporate in their strategic ambition those that both exploit the English advantages of the local as a site for innovative action and take social cohesion as a necessary component of economic competitiveness (pp. 712)

ID439: Regional integration or fragmentation? The German - Polish Border Region in a New Europe
Discusses the problems of regional economic integration in the German-Polish border area, focusing on the nature and intensity of cross-border inter-firm linkages (in Oder-Neisse border region). The problems are discussed in relation to the exogenous and endogenous influences.

ID447: Bridging the Oresund: Potential regional dynamics; Integration of Copenhagen (Denmark) and Malmo-Lund (Sweden) : A Cross-border project on the European metropolitan level
Discusses a cross-border project i.e. a fixed link project between Malmo and Copenhagen across Oresund. Also analyses this project in terms of its potential contribution to regional development in the Oresund area, its likely effects on spatial organisation of the territory and cross-border collaboration.

ID448: Policy Learning in Regional Networks
Discussion is centred around the issue of 'learning regions'. This includes discussion on regional policy learning as a precondition of regional development, policy learning in regional networks and learning networks in regional governance.

ID461: Regulating regional spaces: state agencies and the production of governance in the Scottish Highlands
Explores the interaction between new mechanisms of national regulation & pre-existing local conditions in relation to the forms of local governance, using the Scottish Highlands as a case study. The author contributes to the ongoing spatialisation of the regulation approach through an emphasis on processes of institutional 'layering' and 'filtering' (pp. 840).

ID470: Sectoral versus territorial regional planning and development in Norway
Explains how regional planning and institution building in Norway in practice have moved towards a two-parallel system: (i) sectoral government planning; and (ii) territorial governance. Also contains specific reference to innovation and competitive regions.

ID474: The structure of networks in industrial districts
Discusses the structure of networks in industrial districts, using results from 64 empirical studies of industrial districts. The author used an evolutionary perspective to propose a research agenda for a better understanding between network structure & innovation; and its implications for innovation and regional development.

ID481: Incorporating the environment into structural funds regional programmes: evolution, current developments and future prospects
Discusses the environmental issues in relation to regional development, in particular the integration of environmental considerations into the Structural Funds programmes. Discussions focuses on the issue of sustainable regional planning, the increased environmental concerns across Europe & its subsequent action programmes, and the partnership approach adopted in the planning & delivery of regional development. Specific reference to territorial planning and sustainable development.

ID490: SPATIAL HOMOGENEITY AND TERRITORIAL DISCONTINUITIES - Application to the distribution of GDP/inh in Italy (1951-1991)
This paper proposes a methodology for the measurement and the cartography of spatial heterogeneity and territorial discontinuities. This method is presented through an application to the regional distribution of GDP/inhabitants in Italy in 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991.

ID491: TERRITORIAL DISCONTINUITIES AND MULTISCALAR TERRITORIAL CONTEXTS : Application to the distribution of GDP/inhabitants of European regions at level NUTS 2 in 1981 and 1996
This paper is the following of the previous one. Some aspectS of the methodology are developed (multiscalar territorial context) and the cartography of spatial heterogeneity and territorial discontinuities is made for the whole European territory at level NUTS 2, for the criterion of GDP/inhabitants in 1981 and 1996.

ID508: Regional Development in the Nordic Countries 2002
This volume presents a comprehensive picture of the trends relating to regional development in the Nordic countries. Includes a statistical annex where comparable indicators on demographic & economic development, regional policy areas are given. Tables comparing the socio-economic performance of all Nordic national and EU programme areas, including those Interreg IIIA programmes that have Nordic participation, are also made available.

ID552: Devolution and the English Question
A series of papers on the evolution of regional government in England. Examines the political and policy context, methodological issues about generating data about regional performance and inter-regional expenditure flows; the relation between regional, national and EU government; and critical examination of some of the assumptions behind the promotion of regionalism in the UK

ID583: Patterns of Regional Inequality in Transition Economies
Examines the changes in the geographical pettern of regional disparities in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. Metropolitan areas and those near current EU borders have so far benefited.

ID590: Application of the European Spatial Development Perspective (Special issue of Town Planning Review)
This is acollection of papers reporting different experiences of the way ESPD is being applied in dirfferent countries and in the INTERREG Programme. Faludi supplies introductory and concluding papers. Boehme reviesws the situation in Nordic countries; Shaw and Sykes examine the application of ESPD to regional planning in the UK; Rivolin reviews the Italian experience; Liebenath and Pallagst review the expression of environmental policies in ESPD and INTERREG, and the impact in the german context; Kidd, Massey and Davies examine the relation of the ESPD to integrated coastal zone management.

ID599: Polycentric Regional Development - International Examples (in Swedish with English and German preface and summaries) PM 2 : 2003
Regional development planning in the Stockholm Region is focused on stimulating development in several regional cores. The report describes general regional conditions, planning systems, spatial strategies in Stockhom, Munich, Dublin and Lyon and development concepts for the 5 metropolitan areas of Berlin, Boston, Lyon, Dublin and Munich. These areas either have a polycentric structure or have development planning focused on polycentrism.There are also structural similarities, economic, physical, demographic, between them and the Stockholm Region. There is an in-depth study of the Dublin and Munich regions.

ID610: Region of Stuttgart (Special Issue) 105 Dec 2002
Demonstrates the variety of planning problems within the Stuttgart region from a practical point of view. Includes article of an interview with Klaus Kunzmann on spatial planning. Summaries in English; main text in German(but only summaries in both languages available on the website)

ID611: Strategic connectivity, sustainable development and the new English Regional Governance
This paper examines the impact of the new English regional sustainability frameworks on the emerging regional governance arrangements. It is concluded that there has been an impact in widening conceptions of regional development from a narrow economic focus

ID617: Amsterdam Human Capital
An interdisciplinary study of the changes in Amsterdam’s urban space The changing spatial organization of the city of Amsterdam is symptomatic of a larger-scale process: the familiar shape of western cities is changing worldwide. For centuries, the urban core was taken for granted as the focal point for international contacts and day-to-day activities. Currently, the urban scope is transforming into multi-centered forms on a metropolitan scale. The change is not just a matter of spatial form: it reflects social, economic and cultural processes.

ID630: Local Agenda 21 in Four Swedish Municipalities: a tool towards sustainability?
This paper examines the innovations in natural resource management attributable to LA21 strategies in four small-medium sized municipalities. The main areas of innovation have been: stronger consideration of environmental issues, a wider dialogue with citizens, new approaches to naturalresource management; new stakeholders involved; and new ideas and ways of testing them.

ID634: The 1988 reform of the European Structural Funds: entitlement or empowerment?
This paper examines the role regional bodies have played in policy design and implementation in relation to Structural Funds. It highlights the impact of institutional weaknesses in limiting the capacity to participate and the implications for enlargement of the EU.

ID670: Incentives and Disincentives to City-regional cooperation in the Berlin- Brandenburg Conurbation
Current academic discussions on economic development make a case for `regional governance' in city-regions and stress the importance of varying institutional and policy-making frameworks for country-specific interpretations of `regionalization'. This article will look at the evolution of forms and structures of regional governance in two of the main urban regions in western Europe, London and Berlin. They have been chosen for their underlying structural-geographic comparability, including their international outlook and awareness of competitiveness, while at the same time representing quite different constitutional and institutional arrangements for territorial governance in general, and that for city regions in particular. Nevertheless, as shown in this article, there appears to be the common challenge of an institutional lag in the adjustment of city-regional government to the imperatives of regional economic competition. This may even go as far as institutional arrangements not only being ineffective but obstructive to the development of city-regional governance through in-built support of localist or institutionalist ambitions. Drawing new boundaries between territories of institutional responsibilities, establishing institutional `performance targets' or fiscally rewarding inter-local competition, are just some of the obstacles to building effective city regional governance.

ID679: Global City Regions, Their Emerging Forms
A comparative study based on funded research, of eleven city regions across three continents looking at changes over the last 30 years. Examines the socio-economic and physical forms of city regions for comparative study. There are numerous maps underlining research findings. Cities covered are: Ankara,, Madrid, West Midlands, Randstat. (Also, San Diego, Chile, Sao Paulo, Seattle and the Central Puget, Taipei, Tokyo,Bangkok, Boston)

ID688: Realizing Potential: Building Regional Organizing Capacity in Polycentric Urban Regions
Regional planning for and in polycentric urban regions entails competitive potentialities over a stand-alone development of their individual cities or city-regions related to the pooling of resources, complementarities and spatial diversity.Using several European countries attempts to identify such polycentric regional systems of formerly distinct cities, located close to each other, often building on increasing functional relationships between them. Argues that to exploit the theoretical potential of planning for polycentric urban regions, an active building of regional organizing capacity is needed, to shape a polycentric urban region's competitive advantages. Iin practice successful examples of this few. Using evidence from four polycentric urban regions in North West Europe, it asserts that building of regional organizing capacity is conditioned by a number of spatial,functional, political-institutional and cultural factors. Major constraints include institutional fragmentation, an internal orientation of key persons and the lack of identification with the region at large.

ID690: Questioning EU Cohesion Policy in Portugal: A complex systems approach
Development of the Norte region of Portugal has been the object of several studies whose conclusions - according to the present paper - need revision in line with a new scientific paradigm. Asserted that regional and innovation policies should be based on a complex systems approach . Accepting the usefulness of this meta-theory for research on firms' behaviour and innovation, the authors develop a preliminary analysis of the strategic behaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Norte region in responding to direct financial support from Structural Funds. The empirical results confirm the research hypothesis that current policies based on financial incentives have little effectiveness in promoting the changes required by SMEs in the globalizing knowledge-based economy. Considering knowledge as an emergent property of complex social systems, as are firms and regions, the paper argues that SMEs need a customized and interactive innovation policy, managed at a regional level. This argument should be considered, both in Portugal and at the EU level, as part of the EU Cohesion Policy debate after 2006

ID723: E-governance in Cities: A Comparison of Urban Information and Communication Technology Policies
Throughout Europe, urban information and communication technology (ICT) policies are becoming more significant. The paper describes the local manifestation and dynamics of the information society in various cities. In a conceptual framework, it makes a distinction between three interdependent types of ICTs in urban areas: access, content, and infrastructure. For each of these, it describes and compares current urban ICT policies, focusing on the way local governments involve other urban actors in the design and implementation of ICT policies. Although cities feel the need to engage in new types of strategic partnerships, they are struggling to find appropriate partnership models.

ID749: North-South Local Authority and Governance Differences in EU Networks
The pattern of spatial disparities in Europe increasingly reflects the different networking capacity and competitive orientation of European localities. The article focuses on the north-south pattern of disparities and discusses the particularities of the economic and socio-political contexts of urbanization and local governance in the southern states of Spain, Greece and Portugal. It argies that the (EU) networking initiatives have limited provisions in their structures for the north-south divergence of European local governance,encopuraging an increase in disparities. Compares the responses of seven northern and southern local authorities to two EU RECITE networks (1992-1997).

ID773: ESPON Project 2.1.1 Territorial Impact of EU Transport and TEN Policies (2002-04)
The diversifying effects of infrastructure networks are already the subject of measure 1.2. which concentrates on the territorial evaluation of the effects of TENs (transport, energy and telecommunication). Major questions under this are how far TENs provide the right answers for a territorial development as described in the ESDP. The measures proposed in the White Paper "The European transport policy by 2010" (COM 2001/370) should provide the framework for the subject investigated under this action. Reference has to be made to the policy options developed in the cross sectoral approach of the ESDP which stresses the need for an integrated approach for improved transport links, makes reference to the polycentric development model, highlights the efficient and sustainable use of infrastructure and refers to the importance of the diffusion of innovation and knowledge. In particular, this integrated approach should be followed in analysing transport and telecommunication networks. Any analysis should take into account the principle of territorial balance, the particular problems of peripheral regions and the improvement of secondary networks. Any overlaps to ESPON project 1.2.1. 1.2.2. and 1.2.3 concerning infrastructure and telecommunication access, as well as policy impacts addressed under measure 2.1., are to be avoided by a strong co-ordination of the projects.

ID783: Implementation of EU regional assistance programmes in Moravia-Silesia and Upper Silesia
Case study

ID784: Regional Governance in Industrial regions in Eastern and Central Europe
Case Study of Moravia-Silesia to evaluate the changing roles of regional economic restructuring in heavy industrial areas in Central and Eastern Europe. Its aim is to test the hypothesis, that processes of regionalisation are creating new institutional relationships and that these developments are having an impact on the formulation and implementation of94regional programmes. The context is the ‘rediscovery’ of the region.and the profound changes in the structure and systems of governance throughout Europe. The phrase ‘governance’ indicates a shift from the hierarchical mode of organisation to heterarchic self-organisation where the regional level plays a key role in leading and coordinating an integrated response to economic development changes

ID800: Trans-national Nordic-Scottish Co-operation. Lessons for Policy and Practice
Trans-national and inter-regional co-operation between the Nordic Countries and Scotland has been an active policy area for almost a decade. With the growing interest in trans-national co-operation in an increasingly integrated EU, it is timely to reflect on the experiences of recent co-operation programmes. By looking at project co-operation carried out under the Article 10 programme Northern Periphery and the Interreg IIC North Sea Programme, this study provides insights into the lessons learned by regions and other partners in trans-national and inter-regional co-operation projects in the field of spatial planning and regional development. This study is not to be understood as an evaluation of the programmes or projects discussed, but as a thematic study focusing on the learning aspect in trans-national cooperation. This study reflects on the process of learning which is integral to effective cooperation, in order to investigate the nature of the tacit knowledge and experience of project participants, and to make it usable for future co-operation projects and policy making.

ID812: Assessment as a process. Functions of project evaluation for regional governance
Within many regional development projects, evaluations are only accepted because funding institutions prescribe this kind of control. But methods of assessment can transform the character of evaluation being oriented in a communicative way towards the involved actors and the planning process. Two examples of intermediate evaluation of projects ;Metropolitan Region of Hamburg and :the ex-ante evaluation of projects within the INTERREG-IIIb cooperation area show this.

ID823: Territorial Innovation Models: a Critical Survey,
This critical review of territorial innovation models (industrial districts, milieux innovateurs, new industrial spaces, local production systems, etc) is organized in two stages. 1.The main features of each model and their view of innovation are compared.2. Their theoretical building blocks are reconstructed and evaluated for conceptual clarity and analytical coherence. Despite some semantic unity among concepts used (economies of agglomeration, endogenous development, systems of innovation, evolution and learning, network organization and governance), the models (TIMs) show conceptual ambiguity.mainly a consequence of the way territorial innovation is theorized,(in terms of technologically driven innovation and a business culture instrumental to the capitalist market logic).This ideological priority pushes the "conceptual flexibility' of TIMs across the border of coherent theory building.

ID828: The effect of knowledge spillovers on productivity growth inequalities in Spanish regions
The paper investigates the impact of local and foreign forms of knowledge spillover on productivity growth inequalities in Spanish regions. In each sector and region such inequalities depend on the innovative capacity of the region and on local spillovers emanating from proximity to innovation producers and from the type of economic activity in the region. Foreign spillovers are mainly from trade with other regions or countries. Results indicate that local sector human capital and specialisation patterns, public-R & D efforts (both local and inter regionsal) and international technological imports reduce these growth differentials. Each regional level of development and sector technological characteristics will qualify these results.

ID840: MEDIENSTADT: URBANE CLUSTER UND GLOBALE ZENTREN DER KULTURPRODUKTION
The book sees the spatial organization of the cultural economy as a paradigm of the modern economy The cultural industry is seen as a pioneering sector for organizing creative, inventive economic processes and as prototypical for the spatial organization of modern industry in locally and regionally embedded production clusters. As a conclusion Krätke points out that globalization does indeed promote processes of spatial disembedding. But contradictory to this, these theories offer evidence about new forms of spatial interconnections between economic processes and their local and regional contexts.

ID843: Regional Innovation Systems :The Role of Governances in a Globalized World (2nd edition)
This 2nd edition registers the scale of regional economic change since the 1st and provides a test of the robustness of the original arguments in the book. Not least, more industrial policy making is influenced by the RIS (Regional Inovation Systems) analysis, and many national and regional governments have adopted RIS approaches, along with related instruments like promotion of industry clusters, academic entrepreneurship, regional venture capital and science-led development strategies.

ID874: Regional Innovation Systems :The Role of Governances in a Globalized World
This text introduces a newly developed theoretical and empirical construct of widespread interest to those concerned with industrial development on a regional scale. Set within a broadly evolutionary economics perspective, accounts are given of the systems interactions occurring between firms and the innovation support infrastructure. Cases are drawn worldwide from Asia, North America and Europe. This is a comprehensive treatment of regional innovation systems, a key concept in understanding regional and industrial development.

ID877: A cooperative spatial future for RheinRuhr
As in other metropolitan regions, the emerging urban region of RheinRuhr needs to develop a cooperative spatial future. This article explores the underlying difficulties in doing this within strategic regional development. At present, there is no clear difference between traditional land use planning and strategic planning for the whole urban region although there is progress through a functionally overlapping (sub)-regional associationalism towards future city-regional governance .The paper evaluates two new innovative modes of structural regional policies, the Regional Conferences and the IBA. Some ideas are put forward on how the elaboration of a spatial Leitbild for RheinRuhr could be initiated and supported.

ID878: The Flemish diamond: urban network in the making?
The network concept is well-established and used in a wide variety of disciplines.But its application in the context of spatial planning seems vague.This article focuses on the gap between the normative network concept, as used in the Flemish Diamond, and everyday factual reality. A discourse analysis of the performance of the concept at lower planning levels shows a wide variety in understanding of the original concept. It argues that only careful selection of a strategic project for the Flemish Diamond, attractive to a diverse range of actors, might be able to bridge the gap.The paper formulates principles for network management as a multi-level activity to increase the performance of the concept,.

ID879: The theory of polynuclear urban regions and its application to central Scotland
Strategic planning for networks of cities and towns, encapsulated in the polynuclear urban region concept, attracts growing interest in many European regions.Key themes include cooperation between neighbouring cities and coordination between functional policies.This article explores the theoretical benefits including increased economies of scale and improvements in the strength and quality of internal interactions. It applies the arguments to Central Scotland, as the largest concentration of economic activity,with a high level of organizational fragmentation but growing cross boundary issues and coincident growth pressures and deficiencies.Closer cooperation regionally could help the Central Belt to function better as an economic unit and facilitate its ongoing development.

ID895: Efectos Regionales del Presupuesto Europeo en Espan˜a. Actualizacion 1986-1999 (Regional effects of the European Budget in Spain. Update 1996-1999)
The book goes through the analysis of a partial aspect of the ?nancial balances of Spanish regions, that is, its relation with the European Community budget. The interest in the study of ?nancial balances is due to the impact of the ?nancial activity of the public sector in economic development and in the quality of life of the inhabitants of each territory. In order to draw out the structural situation an analysis not only of all the Spanish regions related with the community budget has been made but also of Member Countries .The authors give the annual data for the period between 1986 and 1999.After the analysis, there are 2 annexes. In the ?rst one, the authors talk about the statistics that they have taken into account.. In the second, i t is possible to ?nd all the ?nancial and statistical data used. The analysis is made based on two different aspects: ?nancial ?ows per inhabitant, and the total Return Index

ID944: Sustainable new economic centres in European metropolitan regions: a stakeholders' perspective
This paper examines the contribution of new economic centres sited at the edge of large cities to a more sustainable regional development of European metropolitan regions. In the Dutch Randstad region, some edge-city business locations try to meet high sustainability standards despite the difficulties and this paper looks at 2 case studies there focusing on the role of the various stakeholders.

ID969: Understanding how land is exchanged: co-ordination mechanisms and transaction costs
This article attempts to increase understanding of how land is exchanged. It is generally assumed that co-ordination is achieved through the price mechanism but there are other possible co-ordination mechanisms, including imposed rules and mutual trust together including the effect of institutions. Transaction cost economics, tries to explain which co-ordination mechanism is chosen in practice. This paper illustrates the application of these ideas with reference to the findings from a detailed survey of how Dutch housing associations acquire land.

ID1004: The model 'City region Ruhr 2030' and its implementation. A research project becomes political reality
Eight cities of the Ruhr region and the Faculty of Spatial Planning (University of Dortmund) contributed to the research project 'City region Ruhr 2030'. The participating municipalities made permanent their cooperative status with a metropolitan contract indicating concrete fields of action and project guidance. This paper examines this project and its implementation. The success of this voluntary project-oriented form of cooperation promises a stable basis for other projects developed at an inter-municipal level.

ID1018: The Social Region: Beyond the Territorial Dynamics of the Learning Economy
This paper propounds a broader meaning of the term ‘innovation’ moving on from TIM (Territorial Innovation Model) It puts forward community development based on social innovation as an alternative to market-led territorial development., examines the consequences for the definition of basic concepts and finally integrates the role of power relations and the articulation between various spatial scales and institutional settings into this community-development model

ID1022: Integrated Urban Development: interdependence and complementarity of thematic approach
The main concerns of cities are outlined in themes and sub-themes of networks and working groups. The general approach of URBAN programmes is one of integrated urban development. However, this development implies the need to find the links between the themes. The URBACT matrix notes similar approaches and the need for policies which complement each other.Cities approach the big issues of society, of economic development and of inclusion in ways that differ greatly from those of national or even regional policies. Available in French and English. Gives quick access to all the networks. Provides many virtual files.

ID1097: EU regional policy and the stimulation of innovation: The role of the European Regional Development Fund in the objective 1 region Burgenland
Many regional development strategies have as key elements the support of their regional innovation systems and innovative clusters of firms. Regional development is also an important policy issue for the European Union (EU). EU Structural Funds aim to support regions lagging behind in development or facing structural problems. This paper analyses how the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) affected innovation in Burgenland (Austrian Objective 1 region).It concludes that the ERDF does not target the innovation problems/needs of regional firms in a way which would help the successful restructuring of the regional economy.

ID1098: Foresight as a Governance Concept at the Interface between Global Challenges and Regional Innovation Potentials
This paper posits that foresight as a governance process to stimulate regional innovation and strengthen the regional economic system against global competition has become a popular concept. It aims to outline recent theoretical and political developments regarding multi-actor and multi-level governance and policy concepts at the regional level using the experiences of a strategy-building process in the Italian autonomous province of Trento,

ID1119: Universities, Localities and Regional Development: The Emergence of the ‘Mode 2’ University?
This paper posits a new ‘mode of knowledge production’ in which the growing involvement of universities with their regions and localities is increasingly important. It explores the knowledge economy rhetorics which now dominate public policy and the interrelationships with questions of territory and scale and considers the implications for universities Finally, it highlights key questions within a wider research agenda around universities, the knowledge economy and regional development.

ID1120: Regionalization as ‘experimental regionalism’: the rescaling of territorial policy-making in Germany
New territorial imperatives have led in Germany to a variety of innovative institutional approaches to policy-making, focusing on the need to identify new political arenas and new territorial domains for development policies. The result is a plurality of highly differentiated experimental approaches to regionalization. The article examines German initiatives in ‘experimental regionalism’ in a perspective that highlights the dimension of institutional coevolution within the framework of emerging multi-level governance practices at a European level:.

ID1122: New Regionalism contested: some remarks in light of the case of the Mezzogiorno of Italy
This article debates the so-called New Regionalism with reference to the studies regarding the emergence of a ‘new’ competitive Mezzogiorno of Italy. It analyses critically the literature on the New Mezzogiorno amd then suggests that the limits and contradictions of the regionalist approach to local development are reflected in the regional policy in Italy.

ID1143: Euro-Commentary; Local Agenda 21:Progress in Portugal
Using the results of a municipal survey, this paper ananlyses Portugal's progress on LA21.

ID1144: Innovation and Territory: Which strategies to promote regional innovation systems in Portugal?
This paper examines the concept of regional innovation systems against the background of modern theories of innovation and regional policies. It emphasises the role of localized learning in the promotion of endogenous regional development and shows various innovation strategies operating at the regional level from which lessons of direct policy relevance could be learned and adapted to the Portuguese context.

ID1176: Strategic connectivity,, Sustainable development and the new English regional governance
This paper examines the institutional impacts of the English regional sustainability framework and highlights the tension between the need for regional involvement and the central desire to control the regional actors.

ID1186: Comparative Analysis of the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region
Because of lack of a clear image as a metropolitan region, the Rhine-Ruhr Region is often not measured against other regions. A comparison of the Rhine-Ruhr Region with Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, London and Sydney reveals how these regions present themselves as leading world metropolises and what policies and measures they employ in order to function as a unified metropolitan area.

ID1194: A cooperative future for RheinRuhr
The emerging functional urban region of RheinRuhr seems to need to develop a cooperative spatial future. This article explores the underlying difficulties in trying to move forward in regional cooperation and strategic regional development..

ID1195: The New Industrial Geography: Regions, Regulation and Institutions
This book focuses on the most important industrial-geographical transformations in North America and Western Europe over the last twenty years. Interdisciplinary ( contemporary industrial and economic geographical change).

ID1196: Industrial Change and Regional Economic Transformation: The Experience of Western Europe
Discusses and uses case studies of changes in the European regions due to industrial progress

ID1214: The Northern Way
The initiative is designed to produce an integrated approach to regional development across the North of England, centred on two previously untried and non-institutionalised scales of policy development and delivery: the cross-regional, pan-northern scale and the city-region.

ID1215: Case Study : Elblag, Poland,
Elblag has been able to design and implement an integrated urban development strategy which seeks to address the key problems facing the city and build upon its geographical and human resource potential. Key elements of this strategy have been a concerted drive to capitalise on the city’s strategic geographic location and connectivity as a European Gateway City on the main East-West road, rail and maritime routes and promotion of a nascent information technology sector.

ID1216: Case Study: Hannover, Germany
Hannover has faced the challenges of economic restructuring and increased social exclusion and the need for a coherent local and regional policy response through a combination of administrative reform and a concerted strategy to promote sustainable development and exceptionally high environmental standards throughout the city region.

ID1223: Regional Planning Guidance for the North East (RPG1)
This sets out the overall spatial strategy for the North East and its main policy areas. Objective is for the sustainable development of the region.

ID1225: s u s t a I n e 1. Quality of life in the North East: Towards a Regional Framework 2 A Better Quality of Life : Integrated Regional Framework
1. The report sets out a vision for a sustainable future for the North East and outlines more detailed objectives to help attain it. The Framework builds on work undertaken for the Regional Economic Strategy and the Regional Planning Guidance as well as regional strategies and plans to improve the region’s environment and social wellbeing. 2.The framework aims to put sustainable development principles at the centre of the region's policies, plans and programmes

ID1241: Performing regions: territorial development and cultural politics in a Europe of the Regions
This paper examines the politics of regional development in the European Union from the perspective of language and identity. Within the European Union regional-development discourse is inextricably tied into the cultural political rhetoric of the ‘Europe of the Regions’ concept. Local actors can utilise the discourse of development as a political resource. To illustrate this process the concept of cultural literacy is developed and explored through a case study of cultural and political activism related to the European Union Objective 1 programme in Cornwall in the South West of England.

ID1273: 1st report on the spatial impacts of the Egnatia Odos motorway (TEN-T project)
The 1st Impact Report of the Egnatia Motorway seeks to evaluate the current conditions of development and of the environment over a broad area crossed by the the Egnatia Motorway system and of its tributary vertical axes.

ID1274: Egnatia Odos Observatory
The Observatory stands as an innovative initiative on the part of Egnatia Odos A.E. in so far as it responds in practical terms to the perceived necessity of evaluating and monitoring the spatial impacts of the Egnatia Motorway. This is carried out in full harmony with the endeavours to assess the impact produced by the Trans-European Networks on development and cohesion at the European scale. In other words, the Observatory is developing into a strategic tool of information and support for policies and programmes of regional and spatial planning, at the service not only of the Company’s Management, but also of all the Regional and Civil Authorities and development agents in the wider area of influence of the axis. The continuous recording, monitoring and analysis of the impact of the Egnatia Motorway are based on a system of indicators, by applying scientifically documented specifications, methods and tools of analysis which characterise current international good practice.

ID1279: Do Business Investment Incentives Promote Employment in Declining Areas? Evidence from EU Objective-2 Regions
Since 1989 business investment incentives cofunded through the European Regional Development Fund have been spatially targeted through various Structural Funds aimed at promoting economic and social cohesion. ‘Objective 2’ of the Structural Funds aims to help revitalize those areas with persistently high unemployment and declining industrial production. This article uses firm-specific data to estimate a parametric difference in difference model that calculates the employment impact of the ‘Objective 2’ area business incentives net of all changes due to economic trends that are exogenous to the programme intervention.

ID1282: The Border effect in Spain: the Basque Country Case
The paper investigates the border effect of the Basque region, the negative effect which national borders have upon trade flows. Using a gravity model of trade it analyses trade flows between the Basque region and the rest of Spain and compares this with trade flows with 27 selected OECD countries during the period 1995-2001.

ID1294: Local and Regional Development
This book addresses the fundamental issues of ‘what kind of local and regional development and for whom?’, frameworks of understanding, and instruments and policies. It outlines a potential holistic, progressive and sustainable local and regional development framewor and considers its limits and political renewal. Contains maps, figures and case studies from Asia, Europe, and Central and North America.

ID1307: The Relationships between Community Strategies and Local Development Frameworks : Final Report
The research considers how existing Community Strategies and proposed Local Development Frameworks can develop effective relationships to benefit local communitiesis. 20 case studies

ID1318: Development Models and Logics of Socio-economic organisation in Space (DEMOLOGOS) (framework 6)
This project aims at improving the analysis of socio-economic development paths and models leading to the Knowledge Society. To this purpose, a new methodology is to be designed and applied to case-studies in a variety of industrialised countries, regions and cities. The methodology will be comparative, historical and multi-dimensional.

ID1320: Towards an urban atlas - assessment of spatial data on 25 European cities and urban areas
Enables users to extract basic land use data.eg what share of housing land is given over to services, industry or green space. Advanced analyses can be made by combining several layers and incorporating ancillary data.Proposes a methodology for strategic monitoring of the impact of urban development on the environment. There is a set available of urban environmental reports on different topics

ID1330: ESPON Briefing 2 - Mapping regional competitiveness and cohesion - A new selection of maps, March 2006 -
Shows the challenges for territorial cohesion and balance within the EU. A world map shows the evolution of the share of world GDP over the past 50 years. It is followed by 2 European maps on international competitiveness. One combines seven indicators from the Lisbon strategy,from the official short list of indicators; the other brings together factors important in territorial development. These maps indicate the overall European position of regions to help stimulate strategic actions, to explore and define potentials and formulate policy options.

ID1369: Economic Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe: the role of reional development
Thie paper aims to provide an overview of some of the key issues, examining the nature of the emerging regional disparities and then concentrating on the policy response from the CEE governments. The focus of the analysis is on the Visegrad Four, i.e. Poland, Hungary and the Czech and Slovak Republics, although much of the discussion is also applicable to all the countries of the region.

ID1372: Slovakia: Transforming Industrial Regions and Preparing for EU Regional Policy in Rise and Decline of Industry in Central and Eastern Europe: A Comparative Study of Cities and Regions in Eleven Countries
Available online via Athens password. Part of the CEEDS series

ID1429: Industrial Change and Regional Economic Transformation: The Experience of Western Europe
Discusses and uses case studies of changes in the European regions due to industrial progress

Byron Ioannou

Janne Antikainen

Thorsten Wiechmann

Hallgeir Aalbu

Jørgen Ole Bærenholdt

Professor Frank Moulaert